Hello @Colored_Greens,
first of all I want to say thank you for your fast response.
Sadly this hasn´t changed anything and my game is still getting this error. However, I was still able to fix this issue. I created antoher partition on my main drive with another version of windows 10 for testing purposes. After booting and then installing a fresh version of ets2 and TruckersMP I was able to finally get the game running. I´m still not exactly sure why my game on my main Win10 still doesn´t work but at least I can say I´m able to play ets2 again.
Thank you!